Nigerian Rural Communities and Media Marginalization on COVID-19: Perspectives on Participatory Video
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v4n2.p385-405Keywords:
PV technique, Covid-19, social media, nigerian rural communities, media marginalizationAbstract
This article examined the impact of participatory video (PV) technique in (re)educating rural dwellers on Corona virus (COVID-19) at Iva-Valley Forestry Hill Camp 1, Southeast Nigeria, with a view to generating data that could be tested or extrapolated elsewhere. It used historical-analytic, key informant interview (KII) and direct observation methods to argue that the COVID-19 pandemic/period has exposed weaknesses immanent in human institutions globally. One of such exposed interstitial gaps is the seeming weak media-link in the rural areas. This situation results from lack of electricity, non-access to reliable locally-generated news by resident community members and the lack of know-how to use mobile phones to generate media contents. Rural dwellers constitute 49.66 percent of the total Nigerian population (National Population Commission [NPC], 2018), yet media focus in Nigeria is mostly urban-driven. Having interacted and co-created a video script in Igbo with the community members through PV to determine the level of (mis)information that has permeated the community and (re)educated the rural dwellers on Corona virus and strategies to prevent its spread, the study canvassed the use of indigenous languages, diversification of media and PV techniques in the dissemination of credible information on COVID-19 in Nigeria, particularly at the grassrootsReferences
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Akrofi, Andrews. 2006. œGhanaian Cocoa Farmer Videos Tackle Pod Pest. Film-Making Farmers: A Current Awareness Bulletin for ACP Agriculture 34(10). Retrieved June 25 2020 (http://ictupdate.cta.int)
Ataguba, Ochega A. and John E. Ataguba. 2020. Social Determinants of Health: The Role of Effective Communication in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries. Global Health Action 13(1). DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020/1788263.
Awosola, Rasaq K. and Osakue S. Omoera. 2008. Child rights and the media: The Nigerian Experience. Studies on Home and Community Science 2(2): 125-131. DOI: www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09737189.20
Baran, Stanley J. 2006.Introduction to Mass Communication: Media Literacy and Culture. Boston: McGraw- Hill Books Company.
Baran, Stanley J. and D.K. Davis. 1995. Mass Communication Theory Foundations, Ferment and Future. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Boro, Chloé Aicha. 2006. œPuppet Goat Newsreader Covers Food Security, Grain Prices. Film-Making Farmers: A Current Awareness Bulletin for ACP Agriculture 34(7). Retrieved June 25 2020 (http://ictupdate.cta.int).
Chukwukelue, Uzodinma U. 2014. œTheatre as Tool for Development in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) 19 (I): 34-40.
David, Montero Sánchez and Manuel Moreno DomÃnguez. 2015. Rethinking the Definition of Participatory Video at the Interface of Theory and Practice. Glocal Times 22/23: 1-15.
Dominick, Joseph R. 1996. The Dynamics of Mass Communication (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Books Company.
Doran, Adam. 2008. œBook Review Insights into Participatory Videos A Handbook for the Field by Nick Lunch and Chris Lunch. 2006: Insightshare. American Communication Journal 10(2). Summer.
Ekwuazi, Hyginus. 2008. œDevelopment communication: Towards a Synthesis of Ideas. The Crab: Journal of Theatre and Media Arts 4: 203-216.
Elliot, Dominic 2006. œEveryones a Teacher, Everyones a Student. Film-Making Farmers: A Current Awareness Bulletin for ACP Agriculture 34(7). Retrieved June 25 2020 (http://ictupdate.cta.int).
Garrette, Bradley, L. 2010. œVideographic Geographies: Using Digital Video for Geographic Research. Retrieved February 18 2020 (http://phg.sagepub.com/content/early/2018/12/0309132510388337).
Gusztáv, Nemes, Chris High, Nadine Shafer and Rick Goldsmith. 2007. œUsing Participatory Video to Evaluate Community Development.Paper for Working Group 3.XXII European Congress of Rural Sociology.Wageningen: N.P.
Guyana, Jayalaxshmi M. and Andrea Berardi. 2011. The Challenges and Opportunities of Participatory Video in Geographical Research: Exploring Collaboration with Indigenous Communities in the North Rupununi. Royal Geographical Society, with the Institute of British Geographers X: 1-7.doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01064.
Hossová, Monika. 2018. œFake News and Disinformation: Phenomena of Post-Factual Society.Media Literacy and Academic Research 1(1):27-35.
Ibagere, Elo. 2009. Social Development, Television and Politics in Nigeria. Ibadan: Kraft Books Limited.
Ibagere, Elo. 2010. Introduction to African Traditional Communication System. Abraka: Delta State University Printing Press.
Ibagere, Elo and Osakue S. Omoera. 2010. œThe Democratization Process and the Nigerian Theatre Artiste.Studies of Tribes and Tribals 8 (2): 67-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0972639X.2010.11886620
Inyang, Ekpe. 2016. œCommunity Theatre as Instrument for Community Sensitization and Mobilsation. TydskrifvirLetterkunde 53(1): 149 159. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v53i1.10.
Johansson, Lars. 2006. œNiger Delta Farmers Battle Oil Spills and Gas Flaring with Participatory Video, Mobile-to-Web Messaging and Online Video Sharing. Film-Making Farmers: A Current Awareness Bulletin for ACP Agriculture 34: 4-6. Retrieved June 25 2020 (http://ictupdate.cta.int).
MacKenzie, Scott. 2000. œMimetic Nationhood: Ethnography and the National. Pp. 241-259 in Cinema and Nation, edited by Mette Hjort and Scott MacKenzie. London: Routledge.
Marginalized Ears. 2020. œA Participatory Video on COVID-19. Retrieved June 25 2020 (https://youtu.be/JGDNPUpgr_0).
McLuhan, Marshall. 1965. Understanding the Media: The Extensions of Man. New York: McGraw- Hill Books Company.
Mitchell, Claudia and MacEntee, Katie. 2016. œParticipatory Video: Taking a No Editing Required Approach. International Institute for Qualitative Methodology (IIQM) Master Class. McGill: Participatory Cultures Lab.
Monovich, Lev. 2003. œNew Media from Borges to HTML. Pp. 13-25 in The Introduction to the New Media Reader, edited by Noah Wardrip-Fruin, and Nick Montfort. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Lunch, Nick and Chris Lunch. 2006a. Insights into Participatory Video: A Handbook for the Field. Oxford: InsightShare.
Lunch, Nick and Chris Lunch.2006b. œParticipatory Video a Revolution in Communication for Development. Film-Making Farmers: A Current Awareness Bulletin for ACP Agriculture 34: 3. Retrieved June 25 2020 (http://ictupdate.cta.int).
Nyaole-Kowuo, R. 2010. Medias Role in the Society: Watchdog, is it? Markurdi Journal of Arts and Culture 8: 265-272.
Okhakhu, Marcel A. 2012. œThe Use of Mobile Cinema in Promoting Health Issues in Nigeria. Pp. 13-22in The Anthropologist, Special Volume 9: Contemporary Discourses on Media and Theatre Arts Studies in Nigeria, edited by Hyginus O. Ekwuazi, Charles O. Aluede and Osakue S. Omoera. New Delhi: Kamla-Raj Enterprises.
Okhakhu, Marcel A. and Osakue S. Omoera. 2010. œBroadcasting and Society: The Question of Functionality in the Nigerian Mediascape.Journal of Black and African Civilization 4(1):77-86.
Omoera, Osakue S. 2006. œCommunity Radio in Africa: An Imperative for Grassroots Development. Iroro: A Journal of Arts 11 (1&2): 256-263.
Omoera, Osakue S. 2010a. œPotentials of the Television in Reinventing the Nigerian Tourism Industry. Ekpoma Journal of Theatre and Media Arts 3 (1&2): 89-93.
Omoera, Osakue S. 2010b. œBroadcast Media in Family Planning in Rural Nigeria: The Ebelle Scenario. Journal of Communication 1 (2): 77-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0976691X.2010.11884773
Omoera, Osakue S. 2010c. The Import of the Media in an Emerging Democracy: An Evaluation of the Nigerian Situation. Journal of Social Sciences 22 (1): 33-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2010.11892781
Omoera, Osakue S. 2010d. œTheatre for Development in Rural Nigeria: The Andaha Community Experience. AMA: Journal of Theatre and Cultural Studies 5 (1):45-58. Omoera, Osakue S. 2014. œTowards Redefining the News Agenda in the Nigerian Media for National Development.Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations 3 (5):117-135.
Omoera, Osakue S. and Clement A. Ogah. 2016. œBoko Haram as A-gent Pro-vo-ca-teur of Destruction and Destabilization in Nigeria: The Medias Check. Brazilian Journal of African Studies 1(1):67-84.
Omoera, Osakue S. and Elo Ibagere. 2010. œRevisiting Media Imperialism: A Review of the Nigerian Television Experience.The International Journal of Research and Review 5:1-18.
Omoera, Osakue S. and Evelyn E. Obekpa. 2019. œNeo-Colonial Dependence and Dualistic Development Models: An Exploration of the Development Communication Trajectory in Nigeria. The Journal of Society and Media 3(2):178’194. DOI: 10.26740/jsm.v3n2.p178-194
Omoera, Osakue S and Evelyn E. Obekpa. 2020. œHome Grown School Feeding Programme: The Advocacy Visit of Civil Society Organizations to Traditional Institutions in Kaduna State, Northwest Nigeria. A Paper Presented at a Virtual Conference on œSharing Black and African Creative Energy, Consolidating Africas Heritage and Identity in the 21st Century Organized by Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization (CBAAC) in Conjunction with the University of Benin, Benin City in August, 2020.
Omoera, Osakue S. and Marcel A. Okhakhu. 2013. œPolitical Coverage in the Nigerian Broadcast Media: The Need for Professionalism. GANGA: Journal of Language and Literary Studies 5(1): 118-134.
Omoera, Osakue S. and Rasaq K. Awosola. 2008). œChild Abuse and Media: An Assessment of Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State Nigeria.Pakistan Journal of Social Science 5 (1): 128-133.
Omoera, Osakue S., Rasaq K. Awosola, Marcel A. Okhakhu, and Adekunle A. Adesina. 2010. œHIV/AIDS and the Broadcast Media in Urban Communities in Edo State, Nigeria.The International Journal of Research and Review 4:1-15.
Omoera, Osakue S., Rasaq K. Awosola, Marcel A. Okhakhu, and Emmanuel A. Eregare. 2011.œSeeking Solutions: Of Radio/Television Advertisement and Patients/Non-Patients Perception of Traditional Medicine in Edo State, Nigeria.The International Journal of Research and Review 6 (1): 48-64.
Prentki, Tim and Lacey, Claire. 2004. œUsing Theatre in Development. Footsteps: A Quarterly Newsletter Linking Development Workers around the World 58.
VISTA-Participatory Video and Social Skills for Training Disadvantaged Adults. 2011. Synthesis Report - The Use of the Participatory Video in Adult Education: Experiences in Europe. Retrieved June 19 2020 (https://www.montesca.eu/VISTA/wp- content/uploads/2012/11/Annex16_VISTA_Synthesis-Report_Use-of-the-Participatory- Video-in-Adult-Education_-Experiences-in-Europe_.pdf).
White, D.M. and Averson, R. 1969. Sight, sound and society: motion pictures and television in America. Boston: Beacon Press.
World Health Organization. 2020. œCorona virus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. Retrieved June 25 2020 (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019).
Yang, K.H. 2016. œParticipatory Video in Practice.Participatory Video in Adult Education, Springer Briefs in Education.DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1050-7_2.
Akrofi, Andrews. 2006. œGhanaian Cocoa Farmer Videos Tackle Pod Pest. Film-Making Farmers: A Current Awareness Bulletin for ACP Agriculture 34(10). Retrieved June 25 2020 (http://ictupdate.cta.int)
Ataguba, Ochega A. and John E. Ataguba. 2020. Social Determinants of Health: The Role of Effective Communication in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries. Global Health Action 13(1). DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020/1788263.
Awosola, Rasaq K. and Osakue S. Omoera. 2008. Child rights and the media: The Nigerian Experience. Studies on Home and Community Science 2(2): 125-131. DOI: www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09737189.20
Baran, Stanley J. 2006.Introduction to Mass Communication: Media Literacy and Culture. Boston: McGraw- Hill Books Company.
Baran, Stanley J. and D.K. Davis. 1995. Mass Communication Theory Foundations, Ferment and Future. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Boro, Chloé Aicha. 2006. œPuppet Goat Newsreader Covers Food Security, Grain Prices. Film-Making Farmers: A Current Awareness Bulletin for ACP Agriculture 34(7). Retrieved June 25 2020 (http://ictupdate.cta.int).
Chukwukelue, Uzodinma U. 2014. œTheatre as Tool for Development in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) 19 (I): 34-40.
David, Montero Sánchez and Manuel Moreno DomÃnguez. 2015. Rethinking the Definition of Participatory Video at the Interface of Theory and Practice. Glocal Times 22/23: 1-15.
Dominick, Joseph R. 1996. The Dynamics of Mass Communication (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Books Company.
Doran, Adam. 2008. œBook Review Insights into Participatory Videos A Handbook for the Field by Nick Lunch and Chris Lunch. 2006: Insightshare. American Communication Journal 10(2). Summer.
Ekwuazi, Hyginus. 2008. œDevelopment communication: Towards a Synthesis of Ideas. The Crab: Journal of Theatre and Media Arts 4: 203-216.
Elliot, Dominic 2006. œEveryones a Teacher, Everyones a Student. Film-Making Farmers: A Current Awareness Bulletin for ACP Agriculture 34(7). Retrieved June 25 2020 (http://ictupdate.cta.int).
Garrette, Bradley, L. 2010. œVideographic Geographies: Using Digital Video for Geographic Research. Retrieved February 18 2020 (http://phg.sagepub.com/content/early/2018/12/0309132510388337).
Gusztáv, Nemes, Chris High, Nadine Shafer and Rick Goldsmith. 2007. œUsing Participatory Video to Evaluate Community Development.Paper for Working Group 3.XXII European Congress of Rural Sociology.Wageningen: N.P.
Guyana, Jayalaxshmi M. and Andrea Berardi. 2011. The Challenges and Opportunities of Participatory Video in Geographical Research: Exploring Collaboration with Indigenous Communities in the North Rupununi. Royal Geographical Society, with the Institute of British Geographers X: 1-7.doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01064.
Hossová, Monika. 2018. œFake News and Disinformation: Phenomena of Post-Factual Society.Media Literacy and Academic Research 1(1):27-35.
Ibagere, Elo. 2009. Social Development, Television and Politics in Nigeria. Ibadan: Kraft Books Limited.
Ibagere, Elo. 2010. Introduction to African Traditional Communication System. Abraka: Delta State University Printing Press.
Ibagere, Elo and Osakue S. Omoera. 2010. œThe Democratization Process and the Nigerian Theatre Artiste.Studies of Tribes and Tribals 8 (2): 67-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0972639X.2010.11886620
Inyang, Ekpe. 2016. œCommunity Theatre as Instrument for Community Sensitization and Mobilsation. TydskrifvirLetterkunde 53(1): 149 159. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v53i1.10.
Johansson, Lars. 2006. œNiger Delta Farmers Battle Oil Spills and Gas Flaring with Participatory Video, Mobile-to-Web Messaging and Online Video Sharing. Film-Making Farmers: A Current Awareness Bulletin for ACP Agriculture 34: 4-6. Retrieved June 25 2020 (http://ictupdate.cta.int).
MacKenzie, Scott. 2000. œMimetic Nationhood: Ethnography and the National. Pp. 241-259 in Cinema and Nation, edited by Mette Hjort and Scott MacKenzie. London: Routledge.
Marginalized Ears. 2020. œA Participatory Video on COVID-19. Retrieved June 25 2020 (https://youtu.be/JGDNPUpgr_0).
McLuhan, Marshall. 1965. Understanding the Media: The Extensions of Man. New York: McGraw- Hill Books Company.
Mitchell, Claudia and MacEntee, Katie. 2016. œParticipatory Video: Taking a No Editing Required Approach. International Institute for Qualitative Methodology (IIQM) Master Class. McGill: Participatory Cultures Lab.
Monovich, Lev. 2003. œNew Media from Borges to HTML. Pp. 13-25 in The Introduction to the New Media Reader, edited by Noah Wardrip-Fruin, and Nick Montfort. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Lunch, Nick and Chris Lunch. 2006a. Insights into Participatory Video: A Handbook for the Field. Oxford: InsightShare.
Lunch, Nick and Chris Lunch.2006b. œParticipatory Video a Revolution in Communication for Development. Film-Making Farmers: A Current Awareness Bulletin for ACP Agriculture 34: 3. Retrieved June 25 2020 (http://ictupdate.cta.int).
Nyaole-Kowuo, R. 2010. Medias Role in the Society: Watchdog, is it? Markurdi Journal of Arts and Culture 8: 265-272.
Okhakhu, Marcel A. 2012. œThe Use of Mobile Cinema in Promoting Health Issues in Nigeria. Pp. 13-22in The Anthropologist, Special Volume 9: Contemporary Discourses on Media and Theatre Arts Studies in Nigeria, edited by Hyginus O. Ekwuazi, Charles O. Aluede and Osakue S. Omoera. New Delhi: Kamla-Raj Enterprises.
Okhakhu, Marcel A. and Osakue S. Omoera. 2010. œBroadcasting and Society: The Question of Functionality in the Nigerian Mediascape.Journal of Black and African Civilization 4(1):77-86.
Omoera, Osakue S. 2006. œCommunity Radio in Africa: An Imperative for Grassroots Development. Iroro: A Journal of Arts 11 (1&2): 256-263.
Omoera, Osakue S. 2010a. œPotentials of the Television in Reinventing the Nigerian Tourism Industry. Ekpoma Journal of Theatre and Media Arts 3 (1&2): 89-93.
Omoera, Osakue S. 2010b. œBroadcast Media in Family Planning in Rural Nigeria: The Ebelle Scenario. Journal of Communication 1 (2): 77-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0976691X.2010.11884773
Omoera, Osakue S. 2010c. The Import of the Media in an Emerging Democracy: An Evaluation of the Nigerian Situation. Journal of Social Sciences 22 (1): 33-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2010.11892781
Omoera, Osakue S. 2010d. œTheatre for Development in Rural Nigeria: The Andaha Community Experience. AMA: Journal of Theatre and Cultural Studies 5 (1):45-58. Omoera, Osakue S. 2014. œTowards Redefining the News Agenda in the Nigerian Media for National Development.Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations 3 (5):117-135.
Omoera, Osakue S. and Clement A. Ogah. 2016. œBoko Haram as A-gent Pro-vo-ca-teur of Destruction and Destabilization in Nigeria: The Medias Check. Brazilian Journal of African Studies 1(1):67-84.
Omoera, Osakue S. and Elo Ibagere. 2010. œRevisiting Media Imperialism: A Review of the Nigerian Television Experience.The International Journal of Research and Review 5:1-18.
Omoera, Osakue S. and Evelyn E. Obekpa. 2019. œNeo-Colonial Dependence and Dualistic Development Models: An Exploration of the Development Communication Trajectory in Nigeria. The Journal of Society and Media 3(2):178’194. DOI: 10.26740/jsm.v3n2.p178-194
Omoera, Osakue S and Evelyn E. Obekpa. 2020. œHome Grown School Feeding Programme: The Advocacy Visit of Civil Society Organizations to Traditional Institutions in Kaduna State, Northwest Nigeria. A Paper Presented at a Virtual Conference on œSharing Black and African Creative Energy, Consolidating Africas Heritage and Identity in the 21st Century Organized by Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization (CBAAC) in Conjunction with the University of Benin, Benin City in August, 2020.
Omoera, Osakue S. and Marcel A. Okhakhu. 2013. œPolitical Coverage in the Nigerian Broadcast Media: The Need for Professionalism. GANGA: Journal of Language and Literary Studies 5(1): 118-134.
Omoera, Osakue S. and Rasaq K. Awosola. 2008). œChild Abuse and Media: An Assessment of Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State Nigeria.Pakistan Journal of Social Science 5 (1): 128-133.
Omoera, Osakue S., Rasaq K. Awosola, Marcel A. Okhakhu, and Adekunle A. Adesina. 2010. œHIV/AIDS and the Broadcast Media in Urban Communities in Edo State, Nigeria.The International Journal of Research and Review 4:1-15.
Omoera, Osakue S., Rasaq K. Awosola, Marcel A. Okhakhu, and Emmanuel A. Eregare. 2011.œSeeking Solutions: Of Radio/Television Advertisement and Patients/Non-Patients Perception of Traditional Medicine in Edo State, Nigeria.The International Journal of Research and Review 6 (1): 48-64.
Prentki, Tim and Lacey, Claire. 2004. œUsing Theatre in Development. Footsteps: A Quarterly Newsletter Linking Development Workers around the World 58.
VISTA-Participatory Video and Social Skills for Training Disadvantaged Adults. 2011. Synthesis Report - The Use of the Participatory Video in Adult Education: Experiences in Europe. Retrieved June 19 2020 (https://www.montesca.eu/VISTA/wp- content/uploads/2012/11/Annex16_VISTA_Synthesis-Report_Use-of-the-Participatory- Video-in-Adult-Education_-Experiences-in-Europe_.pdf).
White, D.M. and Averson, R. 1969. Sight, sound and society: motion pictures and television in America. Boston: Beacon Press.
World Health Organization. 2020. œCorona virus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. Retrieved June 25 2020 (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019).
Yang, K.H. 2016. œParticipatory Video in Practice.Participatory Video in Adult Education, Springer Briefs in Education.DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1050-7_2.
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2020-10-30
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Omoera, Ph.D., O. S., Onyemuchara, C. E., & Okwuowulu, C. (2020). Nigerian Rural Communities and Media Marginalization on COVID-19: Perspectives on Participatory Video. The Journal of Society and Media, 4(2), 385–405. https://doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v4n2.p385-405
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